9大类高频滞留缺陷

巴哈马发布PSC检查常见缺陷通知。文件提到可滞留的9 类常见可避免缺陷，重点围绕消防安全、救生设备、MARPOL 附则 I（防油污） 三大高风险领域给出具体要求与整改建议，同时要求巴哈马籍船舶在抵美、澳前48小时提交抵港前在线检查表（FORM060）。

经对船舶PSC滞留案例分析，识别出9类可避免的高频滞留缺陷，这些缺陷普遍具有 “易识别、可防控” 特征，具体包括：

1.Deficiencies/equipment failures have not been reported to RO or Classification Society for agreed acceptance pending temporary arrangements in place;

缺陷 / 设备故障未向船旗或船级社报告，且未就临时措施达成一致；

2.Any arrangement that bypasses essential safety or environmental monitoring equipment (e.g. “magic pipes” bypassing Oily Water Separator (OWS)/15ppm monitor);

存在绕过关键安全 / 环保监控设备的装置（如绕过油水分离器（OWS）/15ppm 监视器的 “魔法管道”）；

3.Equipment has been poorly maintained and/or maintenance has been inappropriately documented or not documented within the shipboard planned maintenance system (PMS);

设备维护不善，或维护记录未按船舶计划维护系统（PMS）恰当记录 / 未记录；

4.Crew are unfamiliar with technical specifics and/or operational procedures for essential equipment or systems they are responsible for (e.g. OWS, ECDIS, GMDSS equipment, etc.);

船员不熟悉其负责的关键设备 / 系统的技术细节或操作流程（如 OWS、电子海图显示与信息系统（ECDIS）、全球海上遇险与安全系统（GMDSS）设备）；

5.Equipment which requires Flag State/Classification Society approval has been fitted, modified, or removed, or structural changes have been made without proper consultation with the Flag State/Classification Society/Recognised Organisation;

未经船旗国 / 船级社 / 认可组织协商，擅自安装、改装、移除需批准的设备，或进行结构改动；

6.Critical equipment has not been subject to regular testing as required (e.g. emergency equipment such as fan dampers and emergency fire pump);

关键设备未按要求定期测试（如风机挡板、应急消防泵等应急设备）；

7.Logbooks, record books, hours of rest records and other documents are incomplete or inaccurate. It should be noted that PSC authorities may in some cases instigate criminal proceedings for alleged falsification of records where records are incomplete or inaccurate (in particular for hours of rest records and Oil Record Books);

日志、记录簿（如休息时间记录、油类记录簿）不完整或不准确，部分情况下（如休息时间记录、油类记录簿）可能引发刑事诉讼；

8.Navigation conducted in an unsafe manner. Whether by the use of out of date publications, incorrect or missing passage plans, or by avoidable violations of the COLREGs such as navigation lights, shapes and sound signalling devices not in working condition;

不安全航行行为：使用过期出版物、缺少 / 错误的航线计划、可避免的违反《国际海上避碰规则》（COLREGs）行为（如航行灯 / 号型 / 声号设备故障）；

9.MLC related deficiencies such as seafarers employed on board for longer period than stipulated in their seafarer employment agreement (SEA), documented evidences of SEA extension missing, evidences of missing or persistently late payment of wages and inadequate living or working conditions;

《2006 年海事劳工公约》（MLC）相关缺陷：船员超雇佣协议（SEA）期限任职、SEA 延期证明缺失、欠薪 / 薪资迟发、居住 / 工作条件不足。

重点风险

1 消防安全

是 PSC 检查中最常见的项目之一，缺陷可能反映 SMS 失效，导致滞留或要求额外外部审计。

整改建议：

1.为轮机长及轮机员制定 ORB 规范填写指南；

2.制定船舶专属 OWS 操作指南，并纳入机舱船员培训；

3.将舱底舱内部检查 / 清洁、OWS 与 15ppm OCM 操作测试纳入 PMS；

4.故障时立即通知 BMA 与船级社，协商短期措施。

信德海事安全综合报道

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