(编者按：诺亚天泽保险经纪公众号12月23日文章《NYPE 2015 系列之二：Duration/Trip Description》，编者现对交船以及受载期/销约条款进行解析，与君共勉。)
NYPE93
2. Delivery
The Vessel shall be placed at the disposal of the Charterers at...........
The Vessel on her delivery shall be ready to receive cargo with clean-swept holds on tight, Staunch, strong and in every way fitted for ordinary cargo service, having water ballast and with sufficient power to operate all cargo-handling gear simultaneously.
The owners shall give the Charterers not less than..........days notice of expected date of delivery.
16. Delivery/Cancelling
If required by the Charterers, time shall not commence before....... and should the Vessel not be ready for delivery on or before.........but not later than...........hours, the Charterers shall have the option of cancelling this Charter Party.
Extension of Cancelling
If the Owners warrant that, despite the exercise of due diligence by them, the Vessel will not be ready for delivery by the cancelling date, and provided the Owners are able to state with reasonable certainty the date on which the Vessel will be ready, they may, at the earliest seven days before the Vessel is expected to sail for the port or place of delivery, require the Charterers to declare whether or not they will cancel the Charter Party. Should the Charterers elect not to cancel, or should they fail to reply within two days or by the cancelling date, whichever shall first occur, then the seventh day after the expected date or readiness for delivery as notified by the Owners shall replace the original cancelling date. Should the Vessel be further delayed, the Owners shall be entitled to require further declarations of the Charterers in accordance with this Clause.
NYPE2015
2. Delivery
1.The Vessel shall be delivered to the Charterers at..........(state port or place).
2.The Vessel on delivery shall be seaworthy and in every way fit to be employed for the intended service, having water ballast and with sufficient power to operate all cargo handling gear simultaneously, and, with full complement of Master, officers and ratings who meet the Standards for Training, Certification and Watch-keeping for Seafarers(STCW) requirements for a vessel of her tonnage.
3.The Vessel’s holds shall be clean and in all respects ready to receive the intended cargo, or if no intended cargo, any permissible cargo:
(i) On*delivery; or
(ii) On*arrival at first loading port if different from place of delivery. If the vessel fails hold inspection then the Vessel shall be off-hire from the time of rejection until the Vessel has passed a subsequent inspection.
*(c)(i) and(ii)are alternatives; delete as appropriate. If no deletion then Sub-clause (c)(i) shall apply.
4.The Owners shall keep the Charterers informed of the Vessel’s itinerary. Prior to the arrival of the Vessel at the delivery port or place, the Owner shall serve the Charterers with..........days’ approximate and..........days’ definite notices of the Vessel’s delivery. Following the tender of any such notice the Owners shall give or allow to be given to the Vessel only such further employment orders, if any, as are reasonably expected when given to allow delivery to occur on or before the date notified. The Owners shall give the Charterers and/or their local agents notice of delivery when the Vessel is in a position to come on hire.
Vessel itinerary prior to delivery:
5.Acceptance of delivery of the Vessel by the Charterers shall not prejudice their rights against the Owners under this Charter Party.
3. Laydays/Cancelling
If required by the Charterers, time on hire shall not commence before ..........(local time) and should the Vessel not have been delivered on or before..........(local time) at the port or place stated in Sub-clause 2(a), the Charterers shall have the option of cancelling this Charter Party at any time but not later than the day of the Vessel’s notice of delivery.
交船条款进行了大量重要的修改，主要变动内容为：
1. 2(b)分条款要求交付时船舶状况满足适航要求以及适合“意向”用途。在 NYPE 93中出现的“...in every way fitted for ordinary cargo service”的表述已进行了修改。首先，“fitted”一词已被替换为“fit to be employed”。其次，“ordinary cargo service”这一表述被认为过于宽泛，现在的措辞改为“the intended service”。
2. 2(b)分条款新增了船东有义务配备符合《STCW公约》要求的船长、高级船员和普通船员的内容。尽管在后续第6条（Owners to Provide）中仍存在提供完整船员队伍的常规义务，但此次修改新增了船员需满足《STCW公约》标准的要求。如果租约执行过程中发生因船员素质达不到公约标准而发生的争议，即使船员持有相应适任证书，也很有可能会被认为船东违约。因此，船东务必要打造一支稳定且有素质的船员队伍。
3. NYPE 46和NYPE 93规定船东有义务在交付港口或地点交付船舶，且船舶要处于适航状态以便能够接收货物。然而，时常会遇到交船地和装货地不一致的情况。因此，使用NYPE 46和NYPE 93时通常会对Delivery条款进行修改以适应这种情况。为避免此类繁琐的修改，2(c)分条款将船东交付船舶的适航义务与适货义务分开。双方可以选择同意船舶交付时就达到适货的状态，或者当装货地与交付地不同时，同意船舶在首个装货地达到适货的状态即可。
4. 当事方应当谨慎选择并删除2(c)分条款中不适用的选项。如果没有删除，将默认船东承担在交船地要交付一艘适航适货的船只。需要注意的是，如果承租人已指明了意向的首批货物，那么船东的义务是确保货舱达到该特定货物所要求的清洁标准。如果租船人意向的首批货物是脏货，那么货舱状况只需要满足脏货要求即可。然而，如果租船人未指明意向的首批货物，则船东必须确保将货舱清理到租约所允许的任何货物所需的清洁标准。实际上，这通常意味着要达到装粮标准。
5. 在2（c）（ii）选项下，如果船舶未能通过验舱，将从未通过之时停租，直至船舶通过后续检查。在（i）选项下，租船人通常享有销约权，但这一权利仅适用于（i）选项。在（ii）选项下，若船舶在抵达首个装货港时船舱未达到合同规定的要求，租船人的救济是停租而不能撤销租约。
6. NYPE 93首次引入的第 16 条（Delivery/Cancelling）中的“Extension of Cancelling”条款（即所谓的“质询条款”）并未被纳入NYPE 2015。原因是在拟定NYPE 2015时，租船人代表认为要在短时间内更改货物买卖合同和信用证的现有安排会极其困难。并且，英国法下船方在销约期前交付适航船舶并不是其绝对义务，再给船方一个质询权对租船人来说不是很公平。当然在合同自由的大原则下，大家在选用NYPE2015时可以附加质询条款。
7. 在（d）分条款中新增了一项详细明确的交船通知条款，取代了NYPE 93中第 37 至 38 行的内容。与之前仅由船东在“预计交船日期”之前发出一系列通知的做法不同，新的措辞规定船东有义务向租船人通报船舶的行程计划。这意味着船东应向租船人提供船舶的初始航行计划，并随后告知他们该计划的任何后续变更。这一义务是在约定的交船通知要求之外新增的。
8. 无论租船人是在船舶过了销约期抵达交船地时接受交船，亦或决定行使取消租约的权利，（e）分条款规定，他们仍拥有向船东索赔因船东违反租船合同而导致租船人所遭受的任何损失的权利。这避免了出租人面对租船人索赔时常会提出的弃权抗辩，减少了诉累。
9. Laydays/Cancelling条款明确以交船地时间为准，同时约定如果船舶在销约期后抵达交船地，租船人如果要取消租约需要在船长递交交船通知当天午夜前行使销约权。
参考文献：
1.《NYPE 2015 EXPLANATORY NOTES》
诺亚天泽保险经纪信息旨在分享、交流，仅做一般性参考，
不应视为针对特定事务的意见或依据。
如有特定事务需要，欢迎联系我们。
电话：0532-82971085
邮箱：marine@tnzconsult.com
claim@tnzconsult.com
info@tnzconsult.com
