2021年5月TOKYO-MOU地区PSC检查情况

2021-06-15 11:00来源： 阳光安检

数据来源于APCIS

PART ONE

1、基本检查情况

2021年5月1日至5月31日，东京备忘录地区共开展PSC检查1731艘次，发现缺陷3102项，其中滞留船舶36艘次，滞留率为2.08%。

2、船舶滞留情况

5月份11个国家/地区实施了滞留，中国滞留艘次最多，共滞留了12艘次，其次是澳大利亚和俄罗斯。

滞留率最高的国家/地区依次是：中国香港，14.29%；俄罗斯，4.35%；中国，3.48%。

3、滞留缺陷类别分布

5月份共开出滞留缺陷87条，占据首位的是航行安全方面缺陷，其次是防污染和ISM方面缺陷。

5月份，防污染方面滞留缺陷明显增加，缺陷主要涉及船舶在垃圾管理方面存在的问题，本期我们将针对相关缺陷做具体分析~

02 典型滞留缺陷分析

1、垃圾排放位置问题

缺陷描述：

Ship discharge total 0.03m³ food waste(CAT.B) at position LAT38-29.9N/LONG.121-01.4E 2000LT 01st May 2021 and 2.3m³ animal carcasses(CAT.G) at poisition LAT.39-19.3N/LONG.120-13.7E 0700LT 28th Arp. 2021.The two mentioned positions is in inside of China inner sea.

船舶于2021年5月1日在北纬38°29.9′东经121 °01.4′的位置排放0.03m³食品废弃物；于2021年4月28日在北纬39 °19.3′东经120 ° 13.7′的位置排放2.3m³的动物尸体。上述两处位置均位于中国内海。

公约原文：

MARPOL Annex V Regulation 4 - Discharge of garbage outside special areas

1 Discharge of the following garbage into the sea outside special areas shall only be permitted while the ship is en route and as far as practicable from the nearest land, but in any case not less than:

.1 3 nautical miles from the nearest land for food wastes which have been passed through a comminuter or grinder. Such comminuted or ground food wastes shall be capable of passing through a screen with openings no greater than 25 mm.

.2 12 nautical miles from the nearest land for food wastes that have not been treated in accordance with subparagraph .1 above.

.3 12 nautical miles from the nearest land for cargo residues that cannot be recovered using commonly available methods for unloading. These cargo residues shall not contain any substances classified as harmful to the marine environment, in accordance with the criteria set out in appendix I of this Annex.

.4 For animal carcasses, discharge shall occur as far from the nearest land as possible, taking into account the guidelines developed by the Organization.

分析：

该船在中国渤海内排放食品垃圾和动物尸体，应该是由于船员对于“最近陆地”概念产生了理解错误而导致污染物的违法排放。例如，动物尸体排放地点距离附近最近的岸线很远，船方可能认为其排放符合规定，但在选择地点时却忽视了渤海是中国内海这一基本事实。究其原因，相关责任船员对于最近陆地的概念掌握不详，也疏于对港口国相关知识的掌握，导致其在执行上产生了严重违反公约事件，导致滞留也是毫无疑问的。

2、船员垃圾处理问题

缺陷描述：

Crew is not familiar with garbage management prosedure on board

船员不熟悉船上垃圾处置程序

公约原文：

Regulation 10 - Placards, garbage management plans and garbage record-keeping

1.1 Every ship of 12 m or more in length overall and fixed or floating platforms shall display placards which notify the crew and passengers of the discharge requirements of regulations 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this Annex and section 5.2 of part II-A of the Polar Code, as applicable.

1.2 The placards shall be written in the working language of the ship's crew and, for ships engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties to the Convention, shall also be in English, French or Spanish.

2. Every ship of 100 gross tonnage and above, and every ship which is certified to carry 15 or more persons, and fixed or floating platforms shall carry a garbage management plan which the crew shall follow. This plan shall provide written procedures for minimizing, collecting, storing, processing and disposing of garbage, including the use of the equipment on board. It shall also designate the person or persons in charge of carrying out the plan. Such a plan shall be based on the guidelines developed by the Organization and written in the working language of the crew.

分析：

MARPOL73/78中对于垃圾处理告示牌以及垃圾处理计划均进行了明确。船上应该根据体系要求或者《垃圾管理计划》的安排，定期开展船上培训，保证船员熟悉船上垃圾处理程序。检查官可能会通过口头询问的方式，确定某些船员对于船上垃圾处理和排放的要求是否熟悉；也可能通过观察船上垃圾设置的分类垃圾收集容器，查看垃圾是否在按照规定进行了适当分类和处置。如果存有明显的不熟悉和垃圾混装的情形，则说明该船船员在熟悉或者执行垃圾处理程序方面存在严重问题。

3、垃圾记录问题

缺陷描述：

Garbage record book: Not recorded.

垃圾记录簿未记录。

公约原文：

MARPOL ANNEX V Regulation10

3 Every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above and every ship which is certified to carry 15 or more persons engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of another Party to the Convention and every fixed or floating platform shall be provided with a Garbage Record Book. The Garbage Record Book, whether as a part of the ship's official logbook, or as an electronic record book which shall be approved by the Administration taking into account the Guidelines developed by the Organization, or otherwise, shall be in the form specified in appendix II to this Annex:

.1 Each discharge into the sea or to a reception facility, or a completed incineration, shall be promptly recorded in the Garbage Record Book and signed for on the date of the discharge or incineration by the officer in charge. Each completed page or group of electronic entries of the Garbage Record Book shall be signed by the master of the ship. The entries in the Garbage Record Book shall be at least in English, French or Spanish. Where the entries are also made in an official language of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly, the entries in that language shall prevail in case of a dispute or discrepancy;

.2 The entry for each discharge into the sea under regulations 4, 5, 6 or section 5.2 of chapter 5 of part II-A of the Polar Code shall include date and time, position of the ship (latitude and longitude), category of the garbage and the estimated amount (in cubic metres) discharged. For discharge of cargo residues the discharge start and stop positions shall be recorded in addition to the foregoing;

.3 The entry for each completed incineration shall include date and time and position of the ship (latitude and longitude) at the start and stop of incineration, categories of garbage incinerated and the estimated amount incinerated for each category in cubic metres;

.4 The entry for each discharge to a port reception facility or another ship shall include date and time of discharge, port or facility or name of ship, categories of garbage discharged, and the estimated amount discharged for each category in cubic metres;

.5 The Garbage Record Book along with receipts obtained from reception facilities shall be kept on board the ship or the fixed or floating platform, and in such a place as to be readily available for inspection at all reasonable times. This document shall be preserved for a period of at least two years from the date of the last entry made in it;

.6 In the event of any discharge or accidental loss referred to in regulation 7 of this Annex an entry shall be made in the Garbage Record Book, or in the case of any ship of less than 400 gross tonnage, an entry shall be made in the ship's official log-book of the date and time of occurrence, port or position of the ship at time of occurrence (latitude, longitude and water depth if known), the reason for the discharge or loss, details of the items discharged or lost, categories of garbage discharged or lost, estimated amount for each category in cubic metres, reasonable precautions taken to prevent or minimize such discharge or accidental loss and general remarks.

分析：

MARPOL 73/78要求400总吨及以上的船舶和核准载运15名或以上人员的船舶，应持有《垃圾记录簿》。而且对于垃圾记录簿的记录作了明确要求，要求在每次排放作业或者焚烧作业后，立即记载在《垃圾记录簿》中，对于记录的格式、内容和语言等均有明确。对于散货船而言，还需持有《垃圾记录簿》（第二部分），专门用于记录货物残余垃圾的处置情况。该船未将垃圾处置情况在《垃圾记录簿》中记录，很明显违反了MARPOL73/78之规定。这个问题除了会被当做缺陷记录以外，还是违章行为，可能会被行政处罚。

此外，我们在检查过程中，还会发现很多船员对部分垃圾的分类模糊不清，尤其是涉及到一些“非常规”垃圾的处理和记录。因此，除了常规垃圾外，我们还提醒大家要做好“特殊垃圾”的管理~